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Battle of Pearl Ridge
The Battle of Pearl Ridge (30–31 December 1944) was a battle of the Second World War fought between Australian and Japanese forces on Bougainville Island. Part of the wider Bougainville Campaign, the battle took place in the central sector of the island, shortly after the Australians had taken over responsibility from the Americans. Believing that the ridge was held by less than a company of Japanese, on 30 December the Australian 25th Battalion launched a four-pronged attacked the ridge. The defending force, however, had been greatly reinforced and was closer to a battalion in strength. After being held up on the right of their advance, the Australians dug-in overnight and repulsed a strong Japanese counterattack before resuming the attack on 31 December. By late in the afternoon, the Japanese had been swept off the ridge.
==Background==
Advanced Australian elements began arriving on Bougainville in September and by November–December 1944 four brigades from the Australian II Corps took over responsibility for Bougainville from the divisions of US XIV Corps that had been stationed there previously. At the time, it was believed that the Japanese forces on the island numbered around 17,500 men—although intelligence reports and estimates on this matter varied greatly and indeed after the war it was found that there had been more than 40,000 at the time—and although understrength the Allies believed that the Japanese formations in the area were still capable of carrying out effective combat operations. In order to counter this, it was decided that the Australian II Corps, consisting of the 3rd Division and the 11th Brigade would go on the offensive and a three-pronged campaign was planned in the northern, central and southern sectors of the island.
Initially, the 7th Brigade was given responsibility for the central sector, and in November it began operations to clear the Japanese from the high features in the sector. On 23 November, the Australian 9th Battalion captured a Japanese outpost on a feature known to the Australians as "Little George", before taking part in the capture of "Artillery Hill" in mid-December. Shortly after this, the Australian 25th Battalion—under Lieutenant Colonel John McKinna—relieved the 9th Battalion at Artillery Hill and began patrolling operations towards the Japanese position on "Pearl Ridge", a feature which due to its height offered commanding views of the entire island.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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